Wednesday, February 12, 2020

Brief Summary of American Studies (Government, Religion, Business, Education, Values, Dream) of United States of America



Government and Politics in the United States
The government in the United States is based on Federalism. While politics in US is Democracy Politics. US uses the government and politics method inside the country. However, US also want to Americanize the world overseas. This has been proved by several countries which have a standard of government and politics the same as America if we could see deeply. The US mostly are anti-communist in order to maintain the super power of America that US can Americanize the world. Most of country’s system in the world are influenced by America such as politics, economic, social, culture, religion and military.

Religion in the USA
US people keep maintain the principle of put God first in every kind of situation whenever and wherever. American people mostly Christian that divided into two faith they are Roman Catholic and Protestant. Denominations has completely distinguish the protestant to many kind of branches. Each individual has their own religious preferences. They are free to choose the center of religious life for them. For Roman Catholic, church became the center religious for people. Protestantism encourages a strong and restless desire for self-improvement. Material succeed might be the most respected form of self-improvement because Protestant heritage is responsible about this thing. Protestant also encourage the way to get wealthy is with hard work and self-discipline. However, the idea of humanitarianism includes in the way of Protestant live in America. It means people should help other individuals by giving their time, money, or things which are charitable. The experience of born-again is important for Christian and it is the way people to change their life better.



The World of American Business
The business of America is business capitalistic which means it is ownership business. The characteristic of business in America is the essential of private and profit. Business is directly or indirectly owned by private people and separated from government-owned. It also has a purpose of financial profit. Business in America is protected by the Government. People, place, product, price, promotion, and distribution are things that are managed by capitalist. Capitalist or business institutions have more prestige in the society than others. This is because people think that business is more efficient and well-run rather than government organizations. But people who do business should always be ready for competition because it is the major source of progress and prosperity. It is also based on American values that everybody has the equal opportunity so competition is respected. Business is the prestige thing for American because its tendency of the dream of getting rich. If each individual is rich, then a country must be rich. Entrepreneur and organization man became the hero for American business. America wants to be the world economic trading market and it has proven that US win the race of trading nowadays except for transportation things.

Education in the United States
America become the destination of higher education in the world. However, the establishment of public schools in America are exist. Educational institution in US reflect the basic values of the nation concentrating in the equality of opportunity. Americans believe that everyone has equal opportunity to get education from elementary school through college or higher education. America first applied the principle of equality by making schools open and financing them by taxes which collected from the citizen. Yet, some wealthier Americans opposed this kind of schools because they desire that public schools would educate people beyond their proper station. Starting from 1860, public elementary schools were established in the US. The next century and a half, public schools were expanded to secondary schools (grade 9-12) also with college both undergraduate and postgraduate studies. Americans assume their public school system as an educational ladder. The idea of educational ladder is the perfect reflection of American value that is success based on equality of opportunity to get education. Later on, private schools are open at the same levels but not supported primarily by public funds. Private schools have kind of private religious schools and public private schools. Some religious schools are associated with churches and get the financial support from them. Private schools might be open for any classes but some are not. The schools in America support the existence of extracurricular activities in order to lead up the student’s skills such as sports, arts, and others.

American Values at the Crossroads
America had the challenges in maintaining the American values. America had things that caused them more doubtful about the strength of their nation and the values. Communism would spread through Southeast Asia and in 1966 the struggle in Vietnam became a major cause of American war. Opponents attacked it was immoral for the US to determine the future of the country by doing such war. The war also attacked the nation’s basic values as corrupt. This happen when the period of protest against the war. The purpose of the war itself was to protect an ally of the US, South Vietnam against the communist North Vietnam. More than half a million American soldier were sent to achieve this purpose. However, because of the optimism and continuing abundance appeared to be less by the end of 1970s. The basic American values that have been spread and strengthened have reached at the crossroad in 1980s. America needed new national values after that and they were keep asking what values should be adopted. The experience of greater shortages of energy during 1970s made Americans tend to emphasis on conversation value. However, in the 1980s Americans reached at a critical point in their nation’s history where major danger and choices should be faced and made. On the other hand, Americans must avoid that there will be greater risks are coming up and they should ready to refuse to change their basic values even the chaos condition ever.

The Great American Dream
The American dream basically has 6 dreams but now it has developed more than it. American dream itself means the goals in life for American people. Goals means vision and mission of each individual.  American people keep dreaming since they were child until old. Then, dreams are transmitted through generations. America was the most perfect society in the world. American dream is the great contribution in US because its tendency of the pursuit of happiness. American society keep the thing that life should be better and richer and fuller for every individual with the same opportunity as the value of equality. The dream itself exist because of achievement in US. For American, welfare is an individual freedom. They always keep the character of optimist in every chance. However, American still put God the first thing of everything.

Dutch Immigration to America - Everything you should know about


Dutch Immigration to America
by Lulu
According to the American Community Survey in 2013, around 4.5 million Americans claim total or partial Dutch heritage. Today the most of the Dutch Americans live in Michigan, California, Montana, Minnesota, Illinois, New York, Wisconsin, Idaho, Utah, Iowa, Ohio, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania (Wikipedia.org).
When did the Dutch arrived in America?
The Dutch first arrived in America in 1609 when the Dutch East India Company vessel De Halve Maen, commanded by the English captain, Henry Hudson, laid anchor at Sandy Hook, before sailing up what is now known as the Hudson River (Simkin, John, 2014).
Dutch settlement in Americas started in 1613 with New Amsterdam, which was exchanged with the British for the current Suriname at the Treaty of Breda (1667) and renamed New York City. The British state divided the Dutch colony in New Netherland into two parts, called New York and New Jersey. Further Dutch immigration took place in the 19th and 20th centuries (Wikipedia.org).
Why did Dutch leave their country?
New Amsterdam's name was changed to New York, in honor of the Duke of York, who organized the mission. The colony of New Netherland was established by the Dutch West India Company in 1624 and grew to encompass all of present-day New York City and parts of Long Island, Connecticut, and New Jersey (History.com).
Many reasons why European colonists chose to settle in New Netherland. Many fled political and religious persecution. Others hoped to improve their condition by owning their own land or by participating in the fur trade. Some came as servants. Reports from New Netherland were so favorable that it seemed worth the risk of sailing to the New World.
Dangers included the possibility of death by disease or due to a storm at sea. Some settlers died as a result of wars between the Dutch and local Indians. And there were other costs. Colonists risked the possibility that they might never be reunited with their families in Europe.
Some of the settlers were officials, soldiers, or employees of the Dutch West India Company, the corporation that governed New Netherland. Others were independent farmers, artisans, traders, or merchants. Some settlers worked for other colonists as contract laborers or indentured servants. Others were brought to New Netherland as slaves (newnetherlandinstitute.org).
Why did Dutch immigrate to America?
During the beginning of nineteenth century, huge of Dutch farmers were forced by high taxes and low wages, so they started immigrating to America because it was perceived as the land of economic opportunity. They settled down in the Midwest, especially Michigan, Illinois and Iowa (Wikipedia.org).


References:
2019, Dutch Americans, accessed 28 September 2019, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Americans>
Simkin, John. 2014. Dutch Immigration. Spartacus Educational. Accessed 28 September 2019,    <https://spartacus-educational.com/USAEholland.htm>
What was New Netherland?, accessed 28 September 2019,     <https://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/education/for-students/fun-re/what-was-new-netherland/why-did-they-leave-europe/>
History.com. 2019. New Amsterdam becomes New York. A&E Television Networks. Accessed 28 September 2019, <https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/new-amsterdam-becomes-new-york>

Drama Text Script "Family 2.0"


FAMILY 2.0

by Walter Wykes

CHARACTERS
WIFE
HUSBAND
SON
DAUGHTER
FIRST HUSBAND/DOG

[A perfect-looking house—the kind you find in magazines.  A perfect-looking WIFE puts the finishing touches on her perfect-looking living room.  The front door opens and HUSBAND enters.]
HUSBAND: Hi, Honey!  I’m home!
WIFE: Who are you?  What are you doing in my house?!
HUSBAND: I’m your new husband.  Where should I put my coat?
[He tries to kiss WIFE, but she backs away from him terrified.]
WIFE: Don’t touch me!  I’ll scream!  I’ll call the police!
HUSBAND: Aren’t you going to ask how my day was?
WIFE: [Attempting to pacify him.] How … how was your day?
HUSBAND: It was awful!  Just like every other day!  Same old boring job.  Same old boring boss.  Same old boring life.  And then, on the way home, suddenly it hit to me—why come home to the same old boring wife and house and kids and dog when I could try something new?
WIFE: But you can’t just—
HUSBAND: I’ve always admired your home. It’s very well kept.
WIFE: Thank you, but—
HUSBAND: I pass it every day on my way to work, so I thought today I’d give it a try. It has to be more exciting than the one I’ve been coming home to for the past fifteen years.
WIFE: But … I already have a husband.
HUSBAND: He can have my life.  Where does he work?
WIFE: He’s an executive.  At a technology company.
HUSBAND: Perfect!  I love technology!  All those little gadgets and stuff!  It’ll be great!
WIFE: Look, I’m … I’m sorry your life is so boring.  My life is boring too.  But you can’t just walk in here and expect us to—
HUSBAND: Oh!  I almost forgot!  I brought you flowers!
[He produces a bouquet of flowers from his coat.]
WIFE: You brought me flowers?
HUSBAND: They’re orchids—a symbol of rare beauty and eternal love—my love for you.
WIFE: My … my husband hasn’t brought me flowers in almost fifteen years.
HUSBAND: I wrote you a poem too.
WIFE: A poem?
HUSBAND: Would you like me to recite it?
WIFE: Well … if you went to the trouble of writing it … I … I wouldn’t want it to go to waste.
HUSBAND: You take my breath away.
Like the sunset or a summer day.
When I gaze at the moon
Or the ocean blue
They pale beside the sight of you.
You take my breath away.
WIFE: That’s beautiful.  You … you really wrote that?
HUSBAND: For you.
[Pause.  She considers this.]
WIFE: Do you pee in the shower?
HUSBAND: Never.
WIFE: Hog the sheets?
HUSBAND: Nope.
WIFE: Snore?
HUSBAND: I don’t think so.
WIFE: Any history of baldness in your family?
HUSBAND: On the contrary.  We’re very hairy.
WIFE: Would you do your own laundry or wait for me to do it.
HUSBAND: Do it myself.
WIFE: Fix the toilet or call a plumber?
HUSBAND: Fix it.
WIFE: Shingle the roof or buy a new house?
HUSBAND: New house.
WIFE: Anniversary in Maui or Vegas?
HUSBAND:  Maui .
WIFE: Watch football or do me in the kitchen?
HUSBAND: Do you really have to ask?
WIFE: Will you constantly try to pork me in the rear?
HUSBAND: Only if you want me to.
WIFE: Tell me about your first wife.
HUSBAND: She was a nag. A nag with no boobs. She had boobs until the baby was born, but he sucked them right off. I’m a boob man, so it was completely unworkable.
WIFE: You left because she lost her boobs?
HUSBAND: There were other things.  But I have to be honest—it was mainly the boobs.
WIFE: What if I lose my boobs? Will you leave me too?
HUSBAND: It looks like you’ve got plenty to spare! [They make out.] Can we have sex now?
WIFE: Easy, Tiger.  You’ll have to win the kids over first.  Children! [Enter SON and DAUGHTER.] Children, meet your new father.
HUSBAND: Hi, kids.
SON: You’re not my father!  You’re a fake!  An imposter!
HUSBAND: Do you like baseball?
SON: Sure.
HUSBAND: I’ll take you to the Big Game.
SON: The Big Game?!  No way! [He embraces HUSBAND.] I love you, Dad!
DAUGHTER: What about me?  I hate baseball.
HUSBAND: Do you like shopping?
DAUGHTER: Duh.
HUSBAND: Here—knock yourself out.
[He hands her a hundred dollar bill.]
DAUGHTER: A hundred dollar bill?!  You’re the greatest!
[She kisses HUSBAND on the cheek.]
WIFE: Go play in your room, kids.  Your father and I need some time alone.
DAUGHTER: Sure thing, Mom.
SON: See ya later, Dad.
[Exit kids.]
WIFE: [Seductively.] Now where were we?
[They make out.  Enter FIRST HUSBAND.]
FIRST HUSBAND: Hi, Honey!  I’m … what’s going on here?!  What are you doing to my wife?!
HUSBAND: I’m trying to pork her in the rear.
FIRST HUSBAND: I’m calling the police!
WIFE: Wait!  Give me your key.
FIRST HUSBAND: What?
WIFE: Your key.  Hand it over.
FIRST HUSBAND: I don’t understand.
WIFE: He’s replacing you.
FIRST HUSBAND: Replacing me?
WIFE: That’s right.  He’s in—you’re out.
FIRST HUSBAND: But why?!
WIFE: He brought me flowers!  When’s the last time you brought me flowers?!
FIRST HUSBAND: I—
WIFE: Exactly.  Now stop stuttering and hand over the key.
FIRST HUSBAND: But … what about the kids?!  You can’t take the kids away from me!  Kids! [Enter SON and DAUGHTER.] You don’t want me to go—do you kids?
SON: He’s taking me to the Big Game.
FIRST HUSBAND: I’ll take you!
SON: Too late.  You had your chance.
FIRST HUSBAND: But—
DAUGHTER: Sorry.  It’s nothing personal.
WIFE: [Her hand outstretched] The key.
FIRST HUSBAND: But I don’t want to go!  Please, I’ll … I’ll do anything!  Just let me stay!  I won’t bother you!  I’ll stay out of the way!  I’ll … I’ll be another kid!  Or the family dog!
SON: I’ve always wanted a dog!
DAUGHTER: Eww!  He’s gonna get hair everywhere!
SON: Please?!  Can I keep him?!  Can I?!
WIFE: I don’t know.  What do you think, Honey?
HUSBAND: He’d be your responsibility, Son.  We’re not going to feed him for you, or take him for walks, or clean up his poop—
SON: I’ll take care of him!  I promise! [To FIRST HUSBAND/DOG.] Come here, boy!  Sit!  Roll over!  Play dead!  Good boy!
FIRST HUSBAND/DOG: Woof!  Woof!
DAUGHTER: Can I go shopping now?
WIFE: If your father will drive you.
DAUGHTER: Dad?
HUSBAND: Well … your mother and I were sort of in the middle of something.
DAUGHTER: But I want to go now!  There’s a sale!
FIRST HUSBAND/DOG: Woof!  Woof!
HUSBAND: Okay, just give us—
FIRST HUSBAND/DOG: Woof!
WIFE: I think the dog has to go.
HUSBAND: Son, take your dog outside.
SON: I can’t.  I have homework.
[Exit SON.]
DAUGHTER: Can I go shopping or not?
FIRST HUSBAND/DOG: Woof!  Woof!
WIFE: Honey, could you take care of the dog?
HUSBAND: It’s not my dog.
WIFE: You told him he could keep it.
FIRST HUSBAND/DOG: Woof!
HUSBAND: Do we have a leash?
DAUGHTER: Is anybody listening to me?
[Enter SON with baseball and glove.]
SON: Hey Dad, can we play ball?
HUSBAND: I thought you had homework.
SON: I just finished.
DAUGHTER: Hello?
FIRST HUSBAND/DOG: Woof!  Woof!
HUSBAND: [To SON.] Here—take the dog outside.
SON: I have to poop.
[Exit SON.]
WIFE: [To HUSBAND] While you’re out, can you take the trash?
FIRST HUSBAND/DOG: Woof!
HUSBAND: Ahh … sure.
DAUGHTER: I hate this family!
WIFE: And could you do something about your daughter?
FIRST HUSBAND/DOG: Woof!
HUSBAND: What do you want me to—
FIRST HUSBAND/DOG: Woof!  Woof!
HUSBAND: [To FIRST HUSBAND/DOG] Shut up, you stupid mutt!
FIRST HUSBAND/DOG: Grrr!
[FIRST HUSBAND/DOG bites HUSBAND’S pants and pulls him towards the door.]
WIFE: I think he really wants to go.
DAUGHTER: What about me?!  Does anybody care what I want?!
[Enter SON.]
SON: The Big Game starts any minute!  We have to go!
HUSBAND: [To WIFE] When … when we get back it would be really nice to have some quality alone time if you know what I mean.
WIFE: It’ll have to wait, Dear.  You have responsibilities now.
HUSBAND: Responsibilities?!  This isn’t what I signed up for!  You’re just like my first wife!
WIFE: WHAT did you say?!!!
HUSBAND: I—
WIFE: Don’t compare me to that flat-chested bitch!
HUSBAND: I didn’t mean—
WIFE: Do you see these tits?!  Do you ever want to touch these tits again?!
HUSBAND: Yes!  Yes, I do!  That’s what I—
FIRST HUSBAND/DOG: Woof!  Woof!
SON: We’re gonna miss the game!  We have to go NOW!
DAUGHTER: I asked first!  It’s not fair!
WIFE: If I ever hear you even THINK her name again—
DAUGHTER: You can’t just ignore me!
SON: You promised!
WIFE: I swear to God—
FIRST HUSBAND/DOG: Woof!
[As the cacophony rises, everyone converges on HUSBAND who climbs onto the couch to escape them.  They surround him like a pack of rabid wolves.]
WIFE
Your balls will be so blue you’ll be begging me to fuck you in the ass!  Are you hearing me?!  Are we clear on this?!  It’s gonna take a LOT of ass-kissing to make up for this little slip-up, Mister!  Not only am I not like her, but she doesn’t exist!  She’s a figment of your imagination!  She’s not even a figment!  I am the first and only woman you’ve ever loved, buddy, and you will grovel at my feet if you want any pudding from my kitchen!
SON
All I wanted to do was go to the Big Game!  But now it’s too late!  I already told all of my friends we were going, and they’re all going too, and now they’re going to see that I’m not really there and they’re going to know what losers we are!  I’ll bet you didn’t even buy tickets—did you?!  Liar!  My other Dad would have taken me!  I should have gone with him!  I’m never going to believe another word you say!  You’re a big fat ugly liar!
DAUGHTER
Am I invisible?  Am I not even here?  What do I have to do to get some attention in this house?!  Do I have to shoot somebody?  Do I have to blow something up?  Maybe I should get pregnant!  I should find the first boy who wants to fuck me and just pull up my skirt!  There are plenty of boys at school who’d like to fuck me!  Maybe they already have!  Maybe I just haven’t told you!  Or maybe I have but you don’t fucking listen!
DOG
Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!  Woof!
HUSBAND: I NEED A NEW LIFE!!!
[Blackout.]

Short Story Analysis "The Gift of the Magi" by O. Henry’s


Short Story Analysis
The Gift of the Magi by O. Henry’s
by Lulu Aundhia A.
The Gift of the Magi is a short story by O. Henry. William Sydney Porter (September 11, 1862 – June 5, 1910) who better known as O. Henry was an American short story writer. He is one of famous writer and his stories are known for their surprise endings. O. Henry’s short stories are known for their wit, wordplay, warm, characterization, and clear twist endings. One of his interesting story is The Gift of the Magi that I have already read several weeks ago in prose class. Therefore, I chose this story as my final exam paper for prose subject. In this paper, I would like to explain all of the elements in this short story and those elements are the brief plot, point of view, characterization, settings, and theme.
Plot (Exposition, Complication, Rising Action, Climax, Falling Action, Resolution)
In The Gift of the Magi’s story, the exposition happens when the main character is introduced. This short story tells about the life of young couple married but living with a little money. In the story, there was a woman named Della and she has a husband named Jim. In the beginning, she was counting her money and she realized that it was not enough to buy a present for Jim while in the next day is Christmas. She was sad and crying that she still did not know what to do. All she wanted is to buy her husband a present.
After exposition, the story goes to complication which we can see the sad woman that she could not buy her Jim a valuable present. She only had one dollar and eighty seven cents and it was not enough to buy Jim a chain watch. She had saved pennies for months and all she got only a little.
Then, the story goes to rising action. It happens when Della was in a deep confusion about what she could do. She cried for a while but then she had an idea but she had to take the risk. The story told that those two character have their own valuable things. Della had her long brown hair and Jim had his gold watch. The James Dillingham Youngs were very proud of two things which they owned. One thing was Jim’s gold watch. It had once belonged to his father. And, long ago, it had belonged to his father’s father. The other thing was Della’s hair (Page 2). Because Della had an extremely long brown hair, she went to any story that would buy her hair. While she went to the store, she read a sign which said “Mrs. Sofronie. Hair Articles of all Kinds.” (Page 3) Then she met a woman named Madame Sofronie and asked her if she wanted to buy her long brown hair. Then, Madame Sofronie is looking at her hair and soon told Della that it was worth for $20. “Twenty dollars,” said Mrs. Sofronie, lifting the hair to feel its weight (Page 3). Della agreed and got the money. She went to the store directly and found the right thing to be the Christmas present for Jim. It was a platinum chain and she thought it would be great for Jim’s watch. The chain reflects the Jim’s character that is simplicity and quietness. Della bought the chain for $21 and got back home with her last money that is 87 cents.
After rising action, it lead to the climax of the story. The climax of the story happens when Jim went back to home from his work. Then he saw Della’s hair cut off and he was just stand at his place with an empty feeling. His eyes looked strangely at Della, and there was an expression in them that she could not understand. It filled her with fear. It was not anger, nor surprise, nor anything she had been ready for. He simply looked at her with that strange expression on his face (Page 4). Della cried and told him that she cut it off and sold it to buy him a Christmas present.
The climax goes down to the falling action. The falling action in this story happens when Jim took out of something from his coat and he spoke to Della while they would have a dinner. He seemed alright to know the fact that his Della’s short hair was cut off. Then he asked Della to open the package that he brought it to Della and it as the thing why Jim was showing strange expression at the first time when he saw Della. He hoped Della understand it. The magi brought valuable gifts, but that was not among them. My meaning will be explained soon (Page 5). Della opened the package and suddenly she cried. It was a set of comb with jeweled rims. White fingers pulled off the paper. And then a cry of joy; and then a change to tears. For there lay The Combs—the combs that Della had seen in a shop window and loved for a long time. Beautiful combs, with jewels, perfect for her beautiful hair (Page 5). It was something that she had dreamed for long time and now it was hers but her hair was gone.  After that, Della gave Jim the chain the she bought and asked Jim to try it on his watch. Jim instead of doing that, he went on a couch and smiled.
The end of this story goes to resolution. The ending of this story can be seen that they were happy in the end. Jim finally told his wife to put the gifts away for a while and stated that they were too nice to be just a present. He told Della that he had sold his gold watch to buy that set of comb for Della. They know each other’s at the end that their present are the sacrifice of their own valuable things. They are having dinner together then. “Della,” said he, “let’s put our Christmas gifts away and keep them
a while. They’re too nice to use now. I sold the watch to get the money to buy the combs. And now I think we should have our dinner.” (Page 6).

Point of View
The narrator’s point of view in The Gift of the Magi is a non-participant. It uses the limited omniscience third person point of view. Because the narrator tells the story by using the pronoun she, he, and it and names all the characters and other things in the story. It is called limited omniscience because the narrator only knows all about the major characters they are Della and Jim. The narrator explained about the physical appearance of Della and Jim and also the feeling of those two characters but not for the minor character, Madame Sofronie.
Characterization
In The Gift of the Magi, there are major characters and minor character. Della and Jim is the major characters. Della is considered as the main character since she is the one who appears from beginning till the end of the story. The beginning of the story is telling about the Della’s confusion to buy Christmas gift for Jim her husband until she sacrificed her long hair to buy a right present. Meanwhile, Jim can also be the major character as he is a person who has a relationship with Della as a young couple. Jim made the interaction with Della that created a good and interesting flow of the whole story. Besides those two major characters, there is one minor character. That is Madame Sofronie who played as the woman who buys Della’s hair for $20. She is minor character buy play an important role for the plot of the story. She is become the minor character because she only appeared in the middle of the story.
            There are three kinds of characters in this story those are flat, static, dynamic and stock character. Della is the dynamic character since her physical appearance changed in the end of the story because her hair was cut off. In the beginning it described that she had a long brown hair looked like waterfall but in the middle she cut off her hair to be sold that make the reason why in the end she had short hair. Della also be a flat character since her way to interact with other characters through the whole story tends to be the same from beginning until the end. Next, Jim is a flat and static character. Because Jim’s way of talking remains the same since he only appeared in the end of the story. Jim’s existence at the beginning only told by the narrator’s view. He is static character because his physical appearance did not change from the beginning until the end. Last, is stock character which is Madame Sofronie. She is stock character since she act as the only complement character.
Settings (Place and Time)
Setting is where the story takes place and when the story happens. In The Gift of the Magi, the story takes place mostly at the young couple’s house. Other places are Madame Sofronie’s store and the store where Della bought a chain for the Jim’s present. When Della was counting her money at the beginning, it took place at the couple’s house. She had put it aside, one cent and then another and then another, in her careful buying of meat and other food. Della counted it three times (Page 1). Next, it took place at Madame Sofronie’s store when Della decided to cut off her hair and sold it. Up to the second floor Della ran, and stopped to get her breath. Mrs. Sofronie, large, too white, cold-eyed, looked at her (Page 3). Last it took place at the store where Della bought chain for Jim’s present. She found it at last. It surely had been made for Jim and no one else (Page 3).
The next setting is the time setting. The time setting is considered to be in a Christmas Eve since it was explained that Della confused what to buy as Jim’s present on the following day. That was all. She had put it aside, one cent and then another and then another, in her careful buying of meat and other food. Della counted it three times. One dollar and eighty-seven cents. And the next day would be Christmas (Page 1).
Theme
Theme is the central idea or ideas explored by a literary work. The Gift of the Magi has the theme of sacrifice sometimes can be aimless. Why I choose this as the theme of the story, because the story told that since Della sacrifice her hair by cutting off them to buy a chain for Jim’s watch became aimless. In the end, Jim told Della that he had sold his precious thing that is his gold watch to buy her a set of comb with jewelry. Unfortunately, Della’s hair was very short in the end and Jim’s watch was gone also, so in conclusion their sacrifice does not make any good result.

Works Cited

Henry, O. The Gift of the Magi. 1905
O. Henry. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O._Henry> accessed 21 June
Sarashita. 2014. A Critical Analysis of O’ Henry’s “The Gift of the Magi”. <


Drama Text Script "A Dollar"

A DOLLAR
a play in one-act
by David Pinski
The following one-act play is reprinted from Ten Plays. Trans. Isaac Goldberg. New York: B.W. Heubsch, 1920. It is now believed to be in the public domain and may therefore be performed without royalties.
CHARACTERS
THE COMEDIAN
THE VILLAIN
THE TRAGEDIAN
THE OLD MAN
THE HEROINE
THE INGENUE
THE OLD WOMAN
THE STRANGER
[A cross-roads at the edge of a forest. One road extends from left to right; the other crosses the first diagonally, disappearing into the forest. The roadside is bordered with grass. On the right, at the crossing, stands a signpost, to which are nailed two boards giving directions and distances.]
[The afternoon of a summer day. A troupe of stranded strolling players enters from the left. They are ragged and weary. THE COMEDIAN walks first, holding a valise in each hand, followed by the VILLAIN carrying over his arms two huge bundles wrapped in bed sheets. Immediately behind these the TRAGEDIAN and the actor who plays the OLD MAN are carrying together a large heavy trunk.]
COMEDIAN: (stepping toward the signpost, reading the directions on the boards, and explaining to the approaching fellow actors) That way (pointing to right and swinging the valise--to indicate the direction) is thirty miles. This way (pointing to left) is forty-five -- and that way is thirty-six. Now choose for yourself the town that you'll never reach today. The nearest way for us is back to where we came from, whence we were escorted with the most splendid catcalls that ever crowned our histrionic successes.
VILLAIN: (exhausted) Who will lend me a hand to wipe off my perspiration? It has a nasty way of streaming into my mouth.
COMEDIAN: Stand on your head, then, and let your perspiration water a more fruitful soil.
VILLAIN: Oh!
[He drops his arms, the bundles fall down. He then sinks down onto one of them and wipes off the perspiration, moving his hand wearily over his face. The TRAGEDIAN and the OLD MAN approach the post and read the signs.]
TRAGEDIAN: (in a dramatic voice) It's hopeless! It's hopeless!
[He lets go his end of the trunk.]
OLD MAN: (lets go his end of the trunk) Mmmm. Another stop.
[TRAGEDIAN sits himself down on the trunk in a tragico-heroic pose, knees wide apart, right elbow on right knee, left hand on left leg, head slightly bent toward the right. COMEDIAN puts down the valises and rolls a cigarette. The OLD MAN also sits down upon the trunk, head sunk upon his breast.]
VILLAIN: Thirty miles to the nearest town! Thirty miles!
COMEDIAN: It's an outrage how far people move their towns away from us.
VILLAIN: We won't strike a town until the day after tomorrow.
COMEDIAN: Hurrah! That's luck for you! There's yet a day-after-tomorrow for us.
VILLAIN: And the old women are still far behind us. Crawling!
OLD MAN: They want the vote and they can't even walk.
COMEDIAN: We won't give them votes, that's settled. Down with votes for women!
VILLAIN: It seems the Devil himself can't take you! Neither your tongue nor your feet ever get tired. You get on my nerves. Sit down and shut up for a moment.
COMEDIAN: Me? Ha--ha! I'm going back there to the lady of my heart. I'll meet her and fetch her hither in my arms.
[He spits on his hands, turns up his sleeves, and strides rapidly off towards the left.]
VILLAIN: Clown!
OLD MAN: How can he laugh and play his pranks even now? We haven't a cent to our souls, our supply of food is running low and our shoes are dilapidated.
TRAGEDIAN: (with an outburst) Stop it! No reckoning! The number of our sins is great and the tale of our misfortunes is even greater. Holy Father! Our flasks are empty; I'd give what is left of our solesl (displaying his ragged shoes) for just a smell of whiskey.
[From the left is heard the laughter of a woman. Enter the COMEDIAN carrying in his arms the HEROINE, who has her hands around his neck and holds a satchel in both hands behind his back.]
COMEDIAN: (letting his burden down upon the grass) Sit down, my love, and rest up. We go no further today. Your feet, your tender little feet must ache you. How unhappy that makes me! At the first opportunity I shall buy you an automobile.
HEROINE: And in the meantime you may carry me oftener.
COMEDIAN: The beast of burden hears and obeys.
[Enter the INGENUE and the actress who plays the OLD WOMAN each carrying a small satchel.]
INGENUE: (weary and pouting) Ah! No one carried me.
[She sits on the grass to the right of the HEROINE.]
VILLAIN: We have only one ass with us.
[The COMEDIAN stretches himself out at the feet of the HEROINE and emits the bray of a donkey. The OLD WOMAN sits down on the grass to the left of the HEROINE.]
OLD WOMAN: And are we to pass the night here?
OLD MAN: No, we shall stop at "Hotel Neverwas."
COMEDIAN: Don't you like our night's lodgings? (Turning over toward the OLD WOMAN) See, the bed is broad and wide, and certainly without vermin. Just feel the high grass. Such a soft bed you never slept in. And you shall have a cover embroidered with the moon and stars, a cover such as no royal bride ever possessed.
OLD WOMAN: You're laughing, and I feel like crying.
COMEDIAN: Crying? You should be ashamed of the sun which favors you with its setting splendor. Look, and be inspired!
VILLAN: Yes, look and expire.
COMEDIAN: Look, and shout with ecstasy!
OLD MAN: Look, and burst!
[The INGENUE starts sobbing. The TRAGEDIAN laughs heavily.]
COMEDIAN: (turning over to the INGENUE) What. You are crying? Aren't you ashamed of yourself?
INGENUE: I'm sad.
OLD WOMAN: (sniffling) I can't stand it any longer.
HEROINE: Stop it! Or I'll start bawling, too.
[COMEDIAN springs to his knees and looks quickly from one woman to the other.]
VILLAIN: Ha--ha! Cheer them up, Clown!
COMEDIAN: (jumps up abruptly without the aid of his hands) Ladies and Gentlemen, I have it! (in a measured singing voice) Ladies and Gentlemen, I have it!
HEROINE: What have you?
COMEDIAN: Cheerfulness.
VILLAIN: Go bury yourself, Clown.
TRAGEDIAN: (as before) Ho-ho-ho.
OLD MAN: P-o-o-h!
[The women weep all the louder.]
COMEDIAN: I have----a bottle of whiskey!
[General commotion. The women stop crying and look up to the COMEDIAN in amazement; the TRAGEDIAN straightens himself out and casts a surprised look at the COMEDIAN; the OLD MAN, rubbing his hands, jumps to his feet; the VILLAIN looks suspiciously at the COMEDIAN.]
TRAGEDIAN: A bottle of whiskey?
OLD MAN: He--He--He--A bottle of whiskey.
VILLAIN: Hum--whiskey.
COMEDIAN: You bet! A bottle of whiskey, hidden and preserved for such moments as this, a moment of masculine depression and feminine tears. (Taking the flask from his hip pocket. The expression on the faces of all changes from hope to disappointment.)
VILLAIN: You call that a bottle. I call it a flask.
TRAGEDIAN: (explosively) A thimble!
OLD MAN: A dropper!
OLD WOMAN: For seven of us! Oh!
COMEDIAN: (letting the flask sparkle in the sun) But it's whiskey, my children. (opening the flask and smelling it) U-u-u-m! That's whiskey for you. The saloonkeeper from whom I hooked it will become a teetotaler from sheer despair.
[TRAGEDIAN rises heavily and slowly proceeds towards the flask. The VILLAIN, still skeptical, rises as if unwilling. The OLD MAN chuckles and rubs his hands. The OLD WOMAN gets up indifferently and moves apathetically toward the flask. The HEROINE and INGENUE hold each other by the hand and take ballet steps in waltz time. All approach the COMEDIAN with necks eagerly stretched out and smell the flask, which the COMEDIAN holds firmly in both hands.]
TRAGEDIAN: Ho-ho-ho--Fine!
OLD MAN: He--He--Small quantity, but excellent quality!
VILLAIN: Seems to be good whiskey.
HEROINE: (dancing and singing) My Comedian, My Comedian. His head is in the right place. But why didn't you nab a larger bottle?
COMEDIAN: Oh Beloved One, I had to take in consideration both the quality of the whiskey and the size of my pocket.
OLD WOMAN: If only there's enough of it to go round.
INGENUE: Oh, I'm feeling sad again.
COMEDIAN: Cheer up, there will be enough for us all. Cheer up. Here, smell it again.
[They smell again and cheerfulness reappears. They join hands and dance and sing, forming a circle, the COMEDIAN applauding.]
COMEDIAN: Good! If you are so cheered after a mere smell of it, what won't you feel like after a drink. Wait, I'll join you. (He hides the whiskey flask in his pocket.) I'll show you a new roundel which we will perform in our next presentation of Hamlet, to the great edification of our esteemed audience. (Kicking the VILLAIN'S bundles out of the way.) The place is clear, now for dance and play. Join hands and form a circle, but you, Villain, stay on the outside of it. You are to try to get in and we dance and are not to let you in, without getting out of step. Understand? Now then!
[The circle is formed in the following order, COMEDIAN, HEROINE, TRAGEDIAN, OLD WOMAN, OLD MAN, INGENUE.]
COMEDIAN: (singing) To be or not to be, that is the question,
That is the question, that is the question.
He who would enter in,
Climb he must over us,
If over he cannot,
He must get under us.

ALL: Tra-la-la, tra-la-la,
Over us, under us.
Tra-la-la, tra-la-la,
Under us, over us.
Now we are jolly, jolly are we.

COMEDIAN: To be or not to be, that is the question,
That is the question, that is the question.
In life to win success,
Elbow your way through,
Jostle the next one,
Else you will be jostled.

ALL: Tra-la-la, tra-la-la,
Over us, under us.
Tra-la-la, tra-la-la,
Under us, over us.
Now we are jolly, jolly are we.
[On the last word of the refrain they stop as if dumbfounded, and stand transfixed, with eyes directed on one spot inside of the ring. The VILLAIN leans over the arms of the COMEDIAN and the HEROINE; gradually the circle draws closer till their heads almost touch. They attempt to free their hands but each holds on to the other and all seven whisper in great astonishment.]
ALL: A dollar!
[The circle opens up again, they look each at the other and shout in wonder.]
ALL: A dollar!
[Once more they close in and the struggle to free their hands grows wilder; the VILLAIN tries to climb over and then under the hands into the circle and stretches out his hand toward the dollar, but instinctively he is stopped by the couple he tries to pass between, even when he is not seen but only felt. Again all lean their heads over the dollar, quite lost in the contemplation of it, and whispering, enraptured.]
All: A dollar!
[Separating once again they look at each other with exultation and at the same time try to free their hands, once more exclaiming in ecstasy.]
ALL: A dollar!
[Then the struggle to get free grows wilder and wilder. The hand that is perchance freed is quickly grasped again by the one who held it.]
INGENUE: (in pain) Oh, my hands, my hands! You'll break them. Let go of my hands!
OLD WOMAN: If you don't let go of my hands I'll bite. (Attempting to bite the hands of the TRAGEDIAN and the OLD MAN, while they try to prevent it.)
OLD MAN: (trying to free his hands from the hold of the HEROINE and the OLD WOMAN) Let go of me. (Pulling at both his hands) These women's hands that--seem so frail, just look at them now.
HEROINE: (To COMEDIAN) But you let go my hands.
COMEDIAN: I think it's you who are holding fast to mine.
HEROINE: Why should I be holding you? If you pick up the dollar, what is yours is mine, you know.
COMEDIAN: Then let go of my hand and I'll pick it up.
HEROINE: No, I'd rather pick it up myself.
COMEDIAN: I expected something like that from you.
HEROINE: (angrily) Let go of my hands, that's all.
COMEDIAN: Ha-Ha-Ha--It's a huge joke. (In a tone of command.) Be quiet. (They become still.) We must contemplate the dollar with religious reverence. (Commotion.) Keep quiet, I say! --A dollar is spread out before us. A real dollar in the midst of our circle, and everything within us draws us towards it, draws us on irresistibly. Be quiet! Remember you are before the Ruler, before the Almighty. On your knees before Him and pray. On your knees. (Sinks down on his knees and drags with him the HEROINE and INGENUE.)
OLD MAN: (Dropping on his knees and dragging the OLD WOMAN with him.) He-He-He.
TRAGEDIAN: Ho-Ho-Ho, Clown!
COMEDIAN: (to TRAGEDIAN) You are not worthy of the serious mask you wear. You don't appreciate true Divine Majesty. On your knees, or you'll get no whiskey. (TRAGEDIAN sinks heavily on his knees.) Oh holy dollar, oh almighty ruler of the universe, before thee we kneel in the dust and send toward thee our most tearful and heartfelt prayers. Our hands are bound, but our hearts strive toward thee and our souls yearn for thee. Oh great king of kings, thou who bringest together those who are separated, and separatest those who are near, thou who--
[The VILLAIN, who is standing aside, takes a full jump, clears the INGENUE and grasps the dollar. All let go of one another and fall upon him, shouting, screaming, pushing and fighting. Finally the VILLAIN manages to free himself, holding the dollar in his right fist. The others follow him with clenched fists, glaring eyes and foaming mouths, wildly shouting.]
ALL: The dollar! The dollar! The dollar! Return the dollar!
VILLAIN: (retreating) You can't take it away from me, it's mine. It was lying under my bundle.
ALL: Give up the dollar! Give up the dollar!
VILLAIN: (in great rage) No, no. (A moment during which the opposing sides look at each other in hatred. Quietly but with malice.) Moreover, whom should I give it to? To you--you--you--you?
COMEDIAN: Ha-ha-ha-ha. He is right, the dollar is his. He has it, therefore it is his. Ha-ha-ha-ha, and I wanted to crawl on my knees toward the dollar and pick it up with my teeth. Ha-ha-ha-ha, but he got ahead of me, Ha-ha-ha-ha.
HEROINE: (whispering in rage) That's because you would not let go of me.
COMEDIAN: Ha-ha-ha-ha.
TRAGEDIAN: (shaking his fist in the face of the VILLAIN) Heaven and hell, I feel like crushing you!
[He steps aside toward the trunk and sits down in his former pose. INGENUE, lying down on the grass, starts to cry.]
COMEDIAN: Ha-ha-ha. Now we will drink, and the first drink is the Villain's.
[His proposition is accepted in gloom; the INGENUE, however, stops crying; the OLD MAN and the OLD WOMAN have been standing by the VILLAIN looking at the dollar in his hand as if waiting for the proper moment to snatch it from him. Finally the OLD WOMAN makes a contemptuous gesture and both turn aside from the VILLAIN. The latter, left in peace, smooths out the dollar, with a serious expression on his face. The COMEDIAN hands him a small glass of whiskey.]
COMEDIAN: Drink, lucky one.
[The VILLAIN, shutting the dollar in his fist, takes the whiskey glass gravely and quickly drinks the contents, returning the glass. He then starts to smooth and caress the dollar again. The COMEDIAN, still laughing, passes the whiskey glass from one to the other of the company, who drink sullenly. The whiskey fails to cheer them. After drinking, the INGENUE begins to sob again. The HEROINE who is served last throws the empty whiskey glass towards the COMEDIAN.]
COMEDIAN: Good shot. Now I'll drink up all that's left in the bottle.
[He puts the flask to his lips and drinks. The HEROINE tries to knock it away from him but he skilfully evades her. The VILLAIN continues to smooth and caress the dollar.]
VILLAIN: HA-ha-ha ... (Singing and dancing)
He who would enter in,
Jum_ he must over us.
Ho-ho-ho. Oh Holy dollar! Oh almighty Ruler of the World!... Oh King of Kings! Ha-ha-ha.... Don't you all think if I have the dollar and you have it not that I partake a bit of its majesty? That means that I am now a part of its majesty. That means that I am the Almighty dollar's plenipotentiary and therefore I am the Almighty Ruler himself. On your knees before me!... He-he-he....
COMEDIAN: (after throwing away the empty flask lies down on the grass) Well roared, lion, but you forgot to hide your jackass's ears.
VILLAIN: It is one's consciousness of power. He-he-he. I know and you know that if I have the money, I have the say. Remember, none of you has a cent to his name. The whiskey is gone. (Picking up the flask and examining it.)
COMEDIAN: I did my job well, Drank it to the last drop.
VILLAIN: Yes, to the last drop. This evening you shall have bread and sausage. Very small portions too, for tomorrow is another day. (INGENUE sobbing mor frequently.) Not till the day after tomorrow shall we reach town and that doesn't mean that you get anything to eat there either, but I--I--I--he-he-he. Oh holy dollar, almighty dollar. (Gravely) He who does my bidding shall not be without food.
COMEDIAN: (with wide open eyes) What? Ha-ha-ha.
[INGENUE gets up and throws herself on the VILLAIN'S bosom.]
INGENUE: Oh my dear beloved one.
VILLAIN: Ha-ha, my power already makes itself felt.
HEROINE: (pushing the INGENUE away) Let go of him, you. He sought my love for a long time and now he shall have it.
COMEDIAN: What? You!
HEROINE: (To COMEDIAN) I hate you, traitor. (To the VILLAIN) I have always loved--genius. You are now the wisest of the wise. I adore you.
VILLAIN: (holding INGENUE in one arm) Come into my other arm. (HEROINE throwing herself into his arms, kissing and embracing him.)
COMEDIAN: (half rising on his knees) Stop, I protest. (Throwing himself on the grass.) "O frailty, thy name is woman."
OLD WOMAN: (approaching the VILLAIN from behind and embracing him) Find a little spot on your bosom for me. I play the "Old Woman," but you know I'm not really old.
VILLAIN: Now I have all of power and all of love.
COMEDIAN: Don't call it love. Call it servility.
VILLAIN: (freeing himself from the women) But now I have something more important to carry out. My vassals--I mean you all--I have decided we will not stay here over night. We will proceed further.
WOMEN: How so?
VILLAIN: We go forward tonight.
COMEDIAN: You have so decided?
VILLAIN: I have so decided, and that in itself should be enough for you; but due to an old habit I shall explain to you why I have so decided.
COMEDIAN: Keep your explanation to yourself and better not disturb my contemplation of the sunset.
VILLAIN: I'll put you down on the blacklist. It will go ill with you for your speeches against me. Now then, without an explanation, we will go--and at once. (Nobody stirs.) Very well then, I go alone.
WOMEN: No, no.
VILLAIN: What do you mean?
INGENUE: I go with you.
HEROINE: And I.
OLD WOMAN: And I.
VILLAIN: Your loyalty gratifies me very much.
OLD MAN: (who is sitting apathetically upon the trunk) What the deuce is urging you to go?
VILLAIN: I wanted to explain it to you, but now no more. I owe you no explanations. I have decided--I wish to go, and that is sufficient.
COMEDIAN: He plays his comedy wonderfully. Would you ever have suspected that there was so much wit in his cabbage head?
WOMEN: (making love to the VILLAIN) Oh you darling.
TRAGEDIAN: (majestically) I wouldn't give him even a single glance.
VILLAIN: Still another on the blacklist. I'll tell you this much--I have decided--
COMEDIAN: Ha-ha-ha. How long will you keep this up?
VILLAIN: We start at once, but if I am to pay for your food I will not carry any baggage. You shall divide my bundles among you and of course those who are on the blacklist will get the heaviest share. You heard me. Now move on. I'm going now. We will proceed to the nearest town which is thirty miles away. Now then, I am off.
COMEDIAN: Bon voyage.
VILLAIN: And with me fares His Majesty the Dollar and your meals for tomorrow.
WOMEN: We are coming, we are coming.
OLD MAN: I'll go along.
TRAGEDIAN: (to the VILLAIN) You're a scoundrel and a mean fellow.
VILLAIN: I am no fellow of yours. I am master and breadgiver.
TRAGEDIAN: I'll crush you in a moment.
VILLAIN: What? You threaten me! Let's go.
[He turns to right. The women take their satchels and follow him.]
OLD MAN: (to the TRAGEDIAN) Get up and take the trunk. We will settle the score with him some other time. It is he who has the dollar now.
TRAGEDIAN: (rising and shaking his fist) I'll get him yet. (He takes his side of the trunk.)
VILLAIN: (to TRAGEDIAN) First put one of my bundles on your back.
TRAGEDIAN: (in rage) One of your bundles on my back?
VILLAIN: Oh, for all I care you can put it on your head, or between your teeth.
OLD MAN: We will put the bundle on the trunk.
COMEDIAN: (sitting up) Look here, are you joking or are you in earnest?
VILLAIN: (contemptuously) I never joke.
COMEDIAN: Then you are in earnest?
VILLAIN: I'll make no explanations.
COMEDIAN: Do you really think that because you have the dollar--
VILLAIN: The holy dollar, the almighty dollar, the king of kings.
COMEDIAN: (continuing) That therefore you are the master--
VILLAIN: Bread-giver and provider.
COMEDIAN: And that we must--
VILLAIN: Do what I bid you to.
COMEDIAN: So you are in earnest?
VILLAIN: You just get up, take the baggage and follow me.
COMEDIAN: (rising) Then, I declare a revolution.
VILLAIN: What? A revolution!
COMEDIAN: A bloody one, if need be.
TRAGEDIAN: (dropping his end of the trunk and advancing with a bellicose attitude toward the VILLAIN) And I shall be the first to let your blood, you scoundrel.
VILLAIN: If that's the case I have nothing to say to you. Those who wish, come along.
COMEDIAN: (getting in his way) No, you shall not go until you give up the dollar.
VILLAIN: Ha-ha. It is to laugh!
COMEDIAN: The dollar please, or--
VILLAIN: He-he-he.
COMEDIAN: Then let there be blood. (Turns up his sleeves.)
TRAGEDIAN: (taking off his coat) Ah! Blood, blood!
OLD MAN: (dropping his end of the trunk) I'm not going to keep out of a fight.
WOMEN: (dropping their satchels) Nor we. Nor we.
VILLAIN: (shouting) To whom shall I give up the dollar? You--you--you--you?
COMEDIAN: This argument will not work any more. You are to give the dollar up to all of us. At the first opportunity we'll get change and divide it into equal parts.
WOMEN: Hurrah, Hurrah! Divide it, Divide it.
COMEDIAN: (to VILLAIN) And I will even be so good as to give you a share.
TRAGEDIAN: I'd rather give him a sound thrashing.
COMEDIAN: It shall be as I say. Give up the dollar.
HEROINE: (throwing herself on the COMEDIAN'S breast) My comedian! My comedian!
INGENUE: (to the VILLAIN) I'm sick of you. Give up the dollar.
COMEDIAN: (pushing the HEROINE aside) You better step aside or else you may get the punch I aim at the master and breadgiver. (To the VILLAIN.) Come up with the dollar!
TRAGEDIAN: Give up the dollar to him, do you hear?
ALL: The dollar, the dollar!
VILLAIN: I'll tear it to pieces.
COMEDIAN: Then we shall tear out what little hair you have left on your head. The dollar, quick!
[They surround the VILLAIN; the women pull his hair; the TRAGEDIAN grabs him by the collar and shakes him; the OLD MAN strikes him on his bald pate; the COMEDIAN struggles with him and finally grasps the dollar.]
COMEDIAN: (holding up the dollar) I have it!
[The women dance and sing.]
VILLAIN: Bandits! Thieves!
TRAGEDIAN: Silence, or I'll shut your mouth. (Goes back to the trunk and assumes his heroic pose.)
COMEDIAN: (putting the dollar into his pocket) That what I call a successful and a bloodless revolution, except for a little fright and heart palpitation on the part of the late master and bread giver.-- Listen, someone is coming. Perhaps he'll be able to change the dollar and then we can divide it at once.
OLD MAN: I am puzzled how we can change it into equal parts. (Starts to calculate with the INGENUE and the OLD WOMAN.)
HEROINE: (tenderly attentive to the COMEDIAN) You are angry with me, but I was only playing with him so as to wheedle the dollar out of him.
COMEDIAN: And now you want to trick me out of my share of it.
OLD MAN: It is impossible to divide it into equal parts. It is absolutely impossible. If it were ninety-eight cents or one-hundred and five cents or--
[The STRANGER enters from the Right, perceives the company, greets it and continues his way to left. COMEDIAN stops him.]
COMEDIAN: I beg your pardon, sir; perhaps you have change of a dollar in dimes, nickles, and pennies. (Showing the dollar. The OLD MAN and women step forward.)
STRANGER: (getting slightly nervous, starts somewhat, makes a quick movement for his pistol pocket, looks at the COMEDIAN and the others and says slowly) Change of a dollar? (Moving from the circle to left.) I believe I have.
WOMEN: Hurrah!
STRANGER: (turns so that no one is behind him and pulls his revolver) Hands up!
COMEDIAN: (in a gentle tone of voice) My dear sir, we are altogether peaceful folk.
[The STRANGER takes the dollar from the Comedian's hand and walks backwards to left with the pistol pointed at the group.]
STRANGER: Good night, everybody.
[He disappears, the actors remain dumb with fear, with their hands up, mouths wide-open and staring into space.]
COMEDIAN: (finally breaks out into thunderous laughter) Ha-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha.

CURTAIN



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